Arid Envionments - Desert Problems/Solution

Deserts are on the increase as small changes in the temperature and precipitation could drastically impact plants and animals in the area that migrate or live in deserts. In some cases global warming is predicted to increase the major deserts on the Earth which already cover ¼ of the Earth.

Human activities are also increasing desertification by deforestation, over grazing animals in an area. This then leads to erosion and loss of topsoil. Unprotected, dry soil surfaces then blow away with the wind or are washed away by flash floods, leaving infertile lower soil layers that bake in the sun and become an unproductive hardpan.

Population growth and greater demand for land are serious obstacles in the effort to combat this problem.

Problems

•Global warming is increasing the incidence of drought, which dries up water holes. This then makes it less likely that the ecosystem will survive.

•Higher temperatures may produce an increasing number of wildfires that alter desert landscapes by eliminating slow-growing trees and shrubs and replacing them with fast-growing grasses.

•Irrigation used for agriculture, may in the long term, lead to salt levels in the soil that become too high to support plants.

•Grazing animals can destroy many desert plants and animals.

•Potassium cyanide used in gold mining may poison wildlife.

•Off-road vehicles, when used irresponsibly, can cause irreparable damage to desert habitats.

•Oil and gas production may disrupt sensitive habitat.

•Nuclear waste may be dumped in deserts, which have also been used as nuclear testing grounds.

Solutions

•More efficiently use existing water resources and better control salinization to improve arid lands.

•Find new ways to rotate crops to protect the fragile soil.

•Plant sand-fixing bushes and trees.

•Plant leguminous plants, which extract nitrogen from the air and fix it in the ground, to restore soil fertility.

•Use off-road vehicles only on designated trails and roadways

•Dig artificial grooves in the ground to retain rainfall and trap windblown seeds.

http://environment.nationalgeographic.co.uk/environment/habitats/desert-threats/

A.Axon